PSYA2 booklets

Below you'll find all of the booklets used in lesson to prepare you for the PSYA2 exam.

Feel free to print off yourself, download or just use online

Individual Differences (1 of 3)

Individual Differences (2 of 3)




Individual Differences (3 of 3)

Lauren's AS

Welcome to the section of the website where Lauren's AS resources are held (powerpoints, handouts etc)

Just follow the links below

PSYA1 - May exam

Revision materials - let me know if you want them printing!

Research Methods
- Qualitative & quantitative data
- Variables
- Aims & Hypotheses
- Experimental methods
- Non experimental methods
- Participants (sampling & experimental design)
- Ethical issues
- Quantitative data analysis
- Qualitative data analysis
- Measures of central tendency & dispersion

Memory
- Multi-store model, including the concepts of encoding, capacity and duration. Strengths and limitations of the model
- The working memory model, including its strengths and limitations

- Factors affecting the accuracy of EWT, including;

• Misleading information
• Anxiety
• Age of witness

- Improving the accuracy of EWT - including the use of the cognitive interview

- Strategies for memory improvement

Attachment
- Explanations of attachment, including learning theory and Bowlby's theory
- Types of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant
- Individual differences in attachment (including the use of "The Strange Situation")
- Cultural variations in attachment
- The effects of disruption of attachment
- Failure to form attachment (privation)
- Effects of institutionalisation
- The impact of day care on social development
- Impact on child care practices

 

PSYA2 - May exam

Individual Differences

- Definitions of abnormality

- Biological approaches to psychopathology and Biological therapies

- Psychological approaches to psychopathology and Psychological therapies

Stress
- The body's response to stress
- Stress and the immune system
- Life changes & daily hassles
- Stress and the workplace
- Personality factors (type A & B) and Hardiness
- Stress management (Psychological and Physiological)

Social Influence
- Types of conformity - Compliance and Internalisation
- Explanations for conformity - Normative SI and Informational SI
- Obedience to authority
- Explanations for obedience to authority
- Independent behaviour
- Social change

Social Change

Throughout history there have been individuals and group who have created social change, these people have been able to create a long-term alteration to society through the use of effective technique, some of these techniques have been identified in social influence research.

You need to be aware of what social influence research tells us about how we can create social change.

 

Independent Behaviour

We have already studied the types of social influence (conformity - compliance and internalisation and obedience) and then we've investigated why individuals behave in these ways (NSI, ISI & G.L.A.D) but we need to remember that Asch, Sherif and Milgram did not ever achieve 100% influence meaning that some participants were able to resist the pressure on them to show independent behaviour.

This section is split into to 2 - resisting conformity and resisiting obedience.

You can be asked about these individually or a general question about explanations for independent behaviour in which case you'd mention both.

Use the presentation above to complete the sheet below

Explanations for Obedience

You have already looked at key research into Obedience to Authority, surprisingly 65% of Milgram's participants went to the full voltage despite their actions being potentially deadly. We now need to investigate WHY these people obeyed the instructions provided for so long.

Use the presentation below to complete the now sheet and scroll further down the page to watch a video

 

Obedience

For this section of the specification you need to know one key piece of research into obedience to authority

Use the presentation below to complete the note sheet on obedience to authority. You will find the evaluation for Milgram's research really straightforward as you can use just research methods (e.g. androcentric, low ecological validity)

See a clip from Milgram's original experiment below

Below is a cartoon made by a student in a different college, it's not entirely accurate but it will give you a good visualisation of what happened

Explanations of internalisation

You must be very clear about how this fits into the specification.

So far we have identified research that shows people changing their behaviour and views when they've gathered information from others because they want to be right but Informational Social Influence provides us with an explanations of why this happens.

You know the drill...presentation and note sheet below

 

Explanations of compliance

You must be very clear about how this fits into the specification.

So far we have identified research that shows people changing their behaviour to fit in with a group but Normative Social Influence provides us with an explanations of why this happens.

You know the drill...presentation and note sheet below

 

Compliance

Compliance is when people change their behaviour but not their views. It's a short-term change and it usually occurs when individuals know what to do in a situation but want to fit in with a group

Use the presentation to help you complete the note sheet below.

Watch this short clip of Asch's research from 1951

Internalisation

Internalisation is when people change their behaviour and their views. It's a long-term change and it usually occurs when individuals are unsure of what to do and so look to others for information

Watch the short video below about Sherif's research...




Then use the note sheet below to gather information from the presentation under that

Physiological stress management - Drug therapy

You need to know 2 types of stress management technique - one that is psychological (dealing with the mind - thoughts) and one that is physiological (dealing with the body)

Below you'll find all the information you need on the PHYSiological stress management technique of drug therapies

You'll no doubt be pleased to know that you have already studied the majority of this and the only new information is the description of how beta-blockers work.

As usual...find the presentation and handout below

Psychological stress management - Stress Innoculation Training

You need to know 2 types of stress management technique - one that is psychological (dealing with the mind - thoughts) and one that is physiological (dealing with the body)

Below you'll find all the information you need on the PSYchological stress management technique of Stress Innoculation Training

Here is an informative video...



Use the notes in this presentation to complete the note sheet below



Hardiness

You need to know research into Hardiness as well as research into Type A and B personalities.

Hardiness is not a personality type on its own, instead it's a set of 3 characteristics that you might have in additional to your typical personality characteristics that specifically help you defend against the negative effects of stress (i.e. illness, moodiness)

Have a go at the Hardiness questionnaire in the back of your 2nd stress booklets to see if you have the hardy characteristics

Personality factors

Personality can be a factor that affects the way that we experience stress, do the personality test in the back of the 2nd stress booklet to see whether you're Type A or Type B.

Then use the powerpoint below to help you complete the handout

Remember when you're completing the handout below that there are other A02 points that you can use that aren't mentioned on the powerpoint - the ones that we discussed as a class. Try thinking of as many Research Methods evalaution points as you can that apply to Friedman & Rosenman's research into personality factors and make a note of them at the end of the sheet

Workplace stress

Below are all of the notes you'll need for  the research into the workplace being a source of stress.

Your workplace is college, no doubt you experience stress as a result of this, see below for a couple of examples of different jobs and how they deal with their stress...

 Who experiences more stress, an office worker...

...or a stay at home parent?

Use the presentation below to complete the handout at the bottom of the page

Stress and the Immune System

Here ladies and gents you'll find the powerpoint presentation we've used during lesson and the handouts that we've completed - firstly have a look at the picture below, does it surprise you that someone jumping out at you could actually improve your immune system?!

It is generally recognised that stress can result in us feeling quite ill - just think about the amount of coughs, colds, spots and coldsores you get around exam time!



Use the presentation above to complete the sheet below - when we look at research within Psychology the A01 (description) comes from the aim, procedure, findings and conclusion of the research, the A02 (evaluation) can then be methodological (research methods) or using supporting research.

The body's response to stress

This area of the specification is concerned with what happens to the body physically when it experiences stress

- For this you need to know the different branches of the nervous system

- Which branch is activated that we are stressed

- Which branch is activated to help us calm down again

Use the powerpoint below to help you fill out the note sheet underneath it

Does this guy respond with fight or flight?!

Have a go at mapping the stress responses (SAM & HPA) on the body outlines below - by doing this you're demonstrating a real understanding of physiology and the components of the stress response (i.e. worth doing!!!)

PSYA2 past papers

January 2009

 

June 2009

 

January 2010

 

June 2010

 

January 2011

 

June 2011

 

Cognitive approach & Cognitive therapies

This page focusses on the Cognitive approach to identifying the cause of abnormality (thinking) and then what method cognitive psychologists would employ to treat mental illness

Below is the Cognitive Approach handout used in class followed by...

...the powerpoint presentation that you need to follow in order to complete it

If the problem has been caused by an individuals' thinking then the treatment is going to focus on correcting the thinking.

Below is the Cognitive Treatment handout used in class followed by...

...the powerpoint presentation that you need to follow in order to complete it

Behavioural approach & Behavioural therapies

This page focusses on the Behavioural approach to identifying the cause of abnormality (learning) and then what method behavioural psychologists would employ to treat mental illness

Below is the Behavioural Approach handout used in class followed by...

...the powerpoint presentation that you need to follow in order to complete it



Video that demonstrates Classical Conditioning



Link to disorder - Remember that classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of phobias using the classical conditioning schedule

 Video that demonstrates Operant Conditioning

Link to disorder - Remember that operant conditioning can be used to explain the development of Anoerxia Nervosa explaining that if an individual receives a compliment regarding weight loss then that behaviour is encouraged and can develop into an eating disorder (please remember that this isn't going to be the case for everyone and that individual differences are in play here!)

Video that demonstrates Social Learning Theory

Link to disorder - Remember that social learning thoery can also be used to explain the development of Anoerxia Nervosa explaining that if an individual observes others (usually celebrities) being praised for weight loss then that behaviour is encouraged in the observer and can develop into an eating disorder (please remember that this isn't going to be the case for everyone and that individual differences are in play here!)

If the problem has been caused by an individuals' learning then the treatment is going to focus on more learning.

Below is the Behavioural Treatment handout used in class followed by...

...the powerpoint presentation that you need to follow in order to complete it

Systematic Desensitisation evens works on horses!!!